CHOLA-ERA NATARAJA AND SIVAGAMI IDOLS UNEARTHED IN TAMIL NADU

01 Nov 2026

Tags: Prelims   Current events of national and international importance

Source: The Hindu

Context: Tamil Nadu State Department of Archaeology (TNSDA) unearthed bronze alloy idols of Lord Nataraja and Goddess Sivagami during excavations in Nagapattinam, dating to the 12th century CE (Chola period).

Key Findings

  • Location: Nagapattinam, Tamil Nadu; discovered at a depth of 1 metre.
  • Nataraja idol:
    • Depicts Ananda Tandava (dance of bliss).
    • Four arms; 110 cm height and 100 cm width.
  • Sivagami idol:
    • Depicts Tribhanga posture (three bends of the body).
    • Two arms; 82 cm height and 23 cm width.
  • Material: Bronze alloy; both idols found with their pedestals.
  • Significance: Evidence of Chola-period religious practices, bronze sculpture traditions and artistic excellence.

Additional Prelims Facts

  • Nataraja: Chola bronze representation of Shiva as the cosmic dancer; symbolises creation, preservation and destruction.
  • Chola bronzes: Known for the lost-wax technique (Cire Perdue), used to produce intricate metal sculptures.
  • Sivagami: Consort of Lord Nataraja, also known as Parvati.

Prelims Question

Q1. With reference to the bronze sculpture tradition of the Chola period, consider the following statements:

  1. The lost-wax technique, also known as Cire Perdue, was used in producing intricate Chola bronze sculptures.
  2. In the Nataraja representation, the cosmic dance of Shiva symbolises the interconnected processes of creation, preservation and destruction.
  3. The Tribhanga posture, depicted in the Sivagami idol, involves three bends of the body.
  4. Chola bronze sculptures were generally produced using permanent moulds that could be reused for mass production of identical idols.

Which of the statements given above are correct?

(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 1, 2 and 3 only
(c) 2 and 4 only
(d) 1, 3 and 4 only

Answer: (b)

Explanation:

  • Statement 1 is Correct: Chola bronzes were produced using the lost-wax or Cire Perdue technique, allowing intricate detailing.
  • Statement 2 is Correct: Nataraja represents Shiva's cosmic dance, symbolising the cycles of creation, preservation and destruction.
  • Statement 3 is Correct: Tribhanga refers to a graceful three-bend posture involving the neck, torso and legs.
  • Statement 4 is Incorrect: The traditional lost-wax process generally produces an individual sculpture through a disposable wax model and mould. The mould is broken to retrieve the finished sculpture.